University of Central Florida (UCF) PCB3023 Molecular Cell Biology Practice Exam 4

The primary function of tumor suppressor genes is to regulate cell growth and prevent cancer. These genes are crucial for maintaining normal cellular functions by encoding proteins that help control cell division, repair DNA, and regulate the cell cycle. When tumor suppressor genes are functioning correctly, they act as a brake on cell proliferation, ensuring that cells do not divide uncontrollably. This regulatory mechanism is essential for preventing the formation of tumors, as unchecked cell growth can lead to cancer.

One of the most well-known tumor suppressor genes is TP53, which plays a vital role in sensing DNA damage and can induce cellular responses like repair or apoptosis if the damage is irreparable. Thus, the correct answer highlights the protective role of these genes against tumor development and cancer progression.